The area of analytical chemistry known as "bioanalytical chemistry" is focused on the identification, detection, and quantification of biological molecules. It uses well-known chromatography and mass spectroscopy techniques and shares many characteristics with analytical chemistry. A change in pH, temperature, or ionic strength that occurs during many standard analyses, however, can disrupt molecular interactions and result in structural alterations to proteins and nucleic acids since biomolecules were specifically created to function in physiologic settings. As a result, new analytical techniques were created, some of which, like immunoassay, make use of the special characteristics of biomolecules, and existing analytical techniques were modified to safeguard delicate biomolecules. It will discuss, for instance, how microfluidic devices are used to monitor depression and how microchip electrophoresis is used to examine neuroinflammatory disorders. Numerous disciplines have a wide range of bioanalytical chemistry applications, including forensic analysis, quality control in the food business, and environmental management. The use of bioanalytical chemistry has advanced significantly in the realm of medicine. The development of biological medicines and, most recently, the appearance of a new coronavirus that spread quickly to cause a global pandemic are largely responsible for this. The demand for quick and accurate methods for identifying molecular diseases has also considerably increased as a result of the realisation that individualised treatment plans are essential to enhancing patient outcomes. This can be seen in oncology, where the discovery of biomarkers and genetic phenotyping has made it possible to forecast the treatment that will be most successful in treating a certain tumour. The creation of innovative treatments is aided by our growing understanding of disease mechanisms, which is made possible by advances in bioanalytical chemistry. This has most recently been demonstrated in the field of neuroscience, where the development of novel bioanalytical methods has made it possible for researchers to gather previously unattainable data on neuron function and neurotransmitter release. In order to promote more widespread testing, this was addressed by the invention of a portable rapid antigen immunoassay analysis employing microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip technologies. Additionally, new diagnostic methods have been created to forecast the severity of the disease and the therapy response in COVID-19-infected patients. This most recent study will offer priceless knowledge for maximising the utilisation of healthcare resources while preserving a high standard of patient care.

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